academic aptitude
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a combination of general cognitive abilities that measures a student's potential for learning and
achievement within specific content domains
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accommodations
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teaching strategies, supports, and/or services that provide students with access to the curriculum and enable them to demonstrate learning
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Apgar test
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a screening test administered to an infant at one minute and five minutes after birth
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Asperger's Syndrome
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a form of autism that features the usual social and behavior problems, but where the cognitive abilities
may be average or above
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disability
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condition resulting from a loss of physical functioning; difficulties in learning and social adjustment that significantly interfere with normal growth and development
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disorder
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a disturbance in normal functioning
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Dreikurs' Model
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Rudolf Dreikurs' main focus is on establishing a classroom which is democratic in nature. Among other components, Dreikurs posited that behavior is directed to belonging, and that
encouragement is more effective than praise.
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exceptional
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any individual whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance deviates so substantially from average
that additional education support is needed to meet their needs. There are several types of exceptionalities, for example:
Autism/ Asperger's Syndrome, ADD, Behavior Disorders/ Emotional
Disturbance, Gifted and Talented, Learning Disabilities
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Free and Appropriate Public Education
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FAPE is the standard of education that schools must provide to children with special needs or exceptionalities. The school must help to create a specific plan to address the child's learning needs, place the student in the appropriate educational setting, and deliver the related services required for the child to learn. FAPE ensures that all students with disabilities receive an appropriate public education at no expense to the family.
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Functional Behavioral Analysis
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FBA is a process of examining the function that a particular behavior plays for a student that includes an analysis of the frequency, intensity and duration of a behavior. The end result of the FBA is a Behavior Management Plan (BMP), a plan to implement intervention for specific behaviors as identified.
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inclusion
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Inclusive education means that all students in a school, regardless of strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community; They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff.
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Individualized Educational Plan
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An IEP is a document that sets out a specific plan for educating children with special needs. Under federal special education law (IDEA), all children identified as having special learning needs must have an IEP.
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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IDEA is a federal law mandating that all children with disabilities have available to them a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for employment and independent living. It provides funds to assist states in the education of exceptional students, and requires that states ensure the rights of children with disabilities and their parents are protected.
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Least Restrictive Environment
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federal law that mandates students with disabilities must be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate based on the student's needs
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modifications
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changes made to the curriculum expectations for a subject or course, to meet the needs of the student
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No Child Left Behind
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The NCLB Act of 2001 is a federal law that aims to improve the performance of America's primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for states, school districts and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend.
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occupational therapist
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professionals that specialize in developing self-care, increasing independent functioning and quality of life, enhancing development and preventing disability
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People-First Language
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not labeling and remembering individuals are people first
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physical therapist
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professionals who provide services to help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disability
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Response to Intervention
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RTI is a process that provides high-quality research based instruction and interventions that are matched to a student's needs. This process incorporates data developed to examine the student's learning rate over time to make appropriate educational and instructional decisions regarding assistance to at-risk students. In the RTI process, students with academic delays are given one or more research-validated interventions. The student's academic progress is monitored frequently to see if the interventions are sufficient to help the student reach the instructional level of his or her grade. If collected data indicates that the student does not show adequate progress, consideration for special education may be warranted.
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special education
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specifically designed instruction provided to children at no cost in the least restrictive environment
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Title I
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Formerly called Chapter One, Title I provides federal funding for schools to help students who are behind or at risk of falling behind academically. The funding is based on the number of low-income children in a school, which is generally determined by the number of students eligible for the free lunch program. Title I is intended to supplement, not replace, state and district funds.
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Twice-Exceptionality
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Psychologists who work in the area of special education sometimes refer to a student with two disabilities as having a dual diagnosis, which may be considered to be twice-exceptional.
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Universal Design for Learning
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UDL is a set of principles for curriculum development that give all individuals equal opportunities to learn.
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504 Plan
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a plan that outlines the services needed by a student that has been identified eligible and protected under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Essentially, Section 504 covers students who have been defined as having
any physical or mental impairment that interferes with any major life activities (learning, walking, talking, etc.).
These students may or may not fall under the protection of IDEA.
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